Data Centers

FAQs

What is a data center? 

A data center is a facility that houses computer systems and related equipment, including telecommunications and storage systems. It plays a crucial role in storing and managing data for various applications and services. Much of the world’s internet traffic flows through this digital infrastructure. 

What is housed within data centers? 

Whether you're using Square at a local farm stand or streaming Netflix from the comfort of your home, you are accessing resources and services housed within a data center. Data centers are critical infrastructures that facilitate rapid connectivity and data processing. These facilities ensure the efficient storage, management and delivery of data, enabling seamless digital experiences across various platforms. 

Are data centers and bitcoin mining facilities the same?

No, they are not the same. Bitcoin mining, or crypto mining, facilities are known for producing significant noise and heat, which can be disruptive to surrounding communities. The significant carbon footprint associated with large-scale mining operations has also raised ethical questions about sustainability. Whereas data centers are regulated for noise and are increasingly subject to regulations aimed at mitigating their environmental impact. They also play an important role in local communities through corporate giving and employee volunteerism, supporting local projects, events and nonprofit organizations.

How has revenue from data centers affected local communities? 

In many areas, revenue from data centers has significantly enhanced community resources. For example, this funding has been used to improve school budgets, allowing for better educational programs and technology. Additionally, communities have invested in infrastructure like turf fields for sports, full-day kindergarten programs and indoor pools, promoting health and recreation. Overall, these contributions have fostered stronger, more vibrant communities in other areas. 

How do data centers benefit the community?

Data centers support the resilience and efficiency of digital networks essential for national security, healthcare, communications and transportation systems. They ensure reliable access to internet and digital services, contributing to areas like telemedicine, online education, remote work and e-commerce. Additionally, they bring economic growth through job creation, increased tax revenue and investments in community development. 

What impact might data centers have on local communities? 

• Job Creation: It can lead to the creation of new jobs, workforce development and economic opportunities in the region.
• Infrastructure Improvement: The presence of data centers may lead to enhancements in local infrastructure and services. 
• Increased Investment: It can attract additional investment and stimulate local economic growth.

What are the power demands of a data center?

The power demands of a data center can vary widely based on its size, design and the technologies employed. Key factors include IT equipment—such as servers, storage devices and networking gear—which are the main power consumers, along with cooling systems that require substantial energy to maintain optimal temperatures.

Can the county influence data center locations? 

The county does not control decisions made by energy partners or data center developers; however, it is responsible for imposing regulations and restricting certain areas to protect the environment and maintain Calvert County's rural character.

Why are data centers included in the zoning ordinance?  

Data centers are added to address their growing presence and impact. Including them in the zoning ordinance ensures clear guidelines and conditions for their integration, aligning with community goals and infrastructure capabilities. They are permitted only in industrial zones (I-1 and I-2) and must comply with use standards that address setbacks, design and noise (view ordinance, use standards § Z-18-11F). In the Heavy Industrial District (I-2), data centers are permitted with conditions, while in the Light Industrial and Mixed Use District (I-1), they require conditional use approval, including a Special Exception from the Board of Appeals.

How will data centers affect Calvert County’s rural character? 

If the opportunity for a data center in Calvert County presents itself, the county will prioritize managing growth in a way that preserves our rural character and focuses data centers in areas with existing infrastructure to minimize any impact on agricultural land and open spaces. Data centers generate significant tax revenue while having a minimal impact on traffic, schools and public safety services.

What are the economic advantages of hosting data centers? 

Data centers can significantly boost local economic growth through job creation and increased tax revenue. This revenue can potentially support essential services throughout the county. Data centers can also attract high-tech industries, which can enhance local infrastructure and community amenities. Companies traditionally offer workforce development to prepare workers for roles such as electricians and other technical positions. 

What measures do data centers take to manage noise levels? 

Data centers can generate noise due to the continuous operation of cooling systems and equipment. However, they are required to comply with local noise ordinances that regulate sound levels. View the Calvert County Noise Control Ordinance. To minimize noise pollution, many data centers incorporate sound-reducing features, such as insulation and strategically designed layouts that act as natural sound barriers. The noise is often only noticeable when you're in close proximity to the facility. 

What is the environmental impact of a data center, and how can they be environmentally conscious?

Many data centers are increasingly adopting sustainable practices, such as utilizing renewable energy sources and improving energy efficiency. The environmental impact of a data center can include several key factors: 

• Energy Consumption: Data centers can require large amounts of electricity to power servers and cooling systems. To reduce carbon emissions, many facilities are shifting to renewable energy sources and committing to net-zero goals.
• Cooling Requirements: Maintaining operating temperatures consumes significant energy. Many data centers are adopting advanced air-cooling methods and highly efficient systems to lower energy use.
• Water Usage: Many data centers rely on water for cooling, but air-based systems are increasingly being used to regulate server and equipment temperatures. When water cooling is necessary, many facilities now turn to more sustainable sources—such as gray water or captured rainwater.
• Noise and Heat Pollution: The adopted Zoning Ordinance Update requires setbacks of 200 feet from all property lines and 400 feet from residential lots or permits (except adjacent properties under common ownership). For reference, 400 feet exceeds the length of a standard football field (360 feet). Combined with compliance with the county noise ordinance, these measures help mitigate noise and heat impacts from data centers.

How will data centers affect traffic? 

The direct impact on traffic can vary based on the size and location of the data center. In general, vehicle traffic to and from data centers is limited to operational and research staff employed at the data center.  This does not include the construction period. 

Will data centers lead to increased network availability?

Data centers require fiber networks, which leads to new investments in both established and underserved areas. This increased network presence helps lower costs for future fiber construction, enabling local providers to leverage the fiber to build to other businesses, homes and infrastructure at a lower price.

What steps has Calvert County taken to explore the data center industry?

Calvert County has taken a careful, transparent approach, guided by local zoning regulations. Staff have engaged in local and state-level discussions to better understand potential opportunities and impacts. Key actions include: 

• Aug. 29, 2024:  County representatives attended the Inaugural Maryland Data Center Summit to hear directly from industry experts and state leaders.
• Sept. 24, 2024: Economic Development Director Julie Oberg testified before the Maryland Public Service Commission, sharing perspectives on the potential benefits of data centers during a hearing on co-location. View testimony beginning at 9:11:50.
• Oct. 22, 2024: Josh Levi, President of the Data Center Coalition, presented an overview of what data centers are, their role in the economy and potential benefits and challenges. Watch the presentation.
• March 1, 2025: The adopted Zoning Ordinance went into effect, limiting where data centers may be located. They are permitted only in industrial zones (I-1 and I-2) and must comply with use standards that address setbacks, design and noise (view ordinance, use standards § Z-18-11F).
• Aug. 28, 2025: County representatives participated in the 2nd Annual Maryland Data Center Summit.
• Economic Development Director Julie Oberg will co-chair the new Data Center Alliance of Maryland, ensuring a strong local voice in discussions about the impacts and opportunities associated with data centers. View the press release from the Maryland Tech Council.
• Sept, 29, 2025: A public information session, “Data Centers 101,” was held at the College of Southern Maryland - Prince Frederick Campus. 
  • View the event handout.
  • Watch the meeting.